Persistent bleeding gums: Here are the diseases that could be causing it

Bleeding gums are commonly overlooked as a minor problem, often blamed on aggressive brushing or improper flossing. While occasional bleeding may be harmless, persistent gum bleeding can indicate serious underlying health issues. Gum bleeding is not always confined to dental concerns; it can be a symptom of systemic conditions affecting blood clotting, immunity, or nutrient deficiencies. Recognising the potential diseases associated with bleeding gums is vital for early diagnosis and effective treatment. Paying attention to this symptom can help protect not only oral health but also overall well-being, preventing complications before they escalate.



8 common diseases that can cause bleeding gums


Gum disease (Gingivitis and Periodontitis)

Gum disease is the most common cause of bleeding gums. It usually begins with gingivitis, the early stage of gum disease, which is characterised by red, swollen, and bleeding gums caused by plaque buildup along the gum line. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a more advanced stage in which the gums pull away from the teeth, potentially leading to tooth loss.


Vitamin C deficiency (Scurvy)

A deficiency of vitamin C can lead to scurvy, a condition that severely affects gum health. Without enough vitamin C, collagen production decreases, resulting in swollen, bleeding gums and loosening of teeth. Other symptoms may include general weakness and fatigue.


Vitamin K deficiency

Vitamin K is essential for proper blood clotting. A lack of vitamin K can cause excessive bleeding, including from the gums. Individuals with this deficiency may also experience easy bruising and delayed healing of wounds. A study published in Frontiers in Physiology discussed the role of vitamin K in maintaining optimal oral health. The study highlighted that vitamin K deficiency could lead to bleeding gums and other oral health issues, underscoring the importance of adequate vitamin K intake for gum health.


Leukemia

Leukemia is a type of blood cancer that affects the production of platelets, which are crucial for blood clotting. Low platelet counts can cause spontaneous bleeding, swollen and tender gums, and increased susceptibility to infections. In some cases, gum bleeding may be one of the first noticeable signs of the disease.


Thrombocytopenia (Low platelet count)

Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which the body does not have enough platelets to form blood clots. This can result in persistent gum bleeding, frequent nosebleeds, easy bruising, and prolonged bleeding from minor injuries.


Diabetes

Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes increase the risk of gum disease. High blood sugar levels impair the body’s immune system, making it harder to fight infections and slowing the healing process. As a result, gums can become inflamed, swollen, and prone to bleeding. A study published in Frontiers in Physiology reported associations between periodontitis and systemic inflammatory conditions, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study suggested that periodontal disease could contribute to the progression of diabetes and vice versa, highlighting the bidirectional relationship between oral and systemic health.


Blood clotting disorders

Certain inherited or acquired disorders affect the blood’s ability to clot properly, leading to bleeding gums. Individuals may notice gum bleeding after brushing or flossing, along with frequent nosebleeds or prolonged bleeding from minor cuts.


Chemotherapy-induced stomatitis

Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy can damage the oral mucosa and reduce platelet counts, causing stomatitis, painful sores, and ulcers in the mouth. This condition often results in swelling, bleeding gums, and an increased risk of oral infections.



Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any changes to your health routine or treatment.



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